My professor is not very proficient in doing examples and the book doesnt explain how to do anything so I am extremely lost.
A projectile is fired from ground level at an angle of 68 ∘ above the horizontal with an initial speed of 35 m/s. What is the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity the moment it reaches its maximum height? and What is the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity the moment before it hits the ground?
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Let q = 68 deg, v0 = 35 m/s. Up is the positive y direction.
v0x = v0*cos(q) v0y = v0*sin(q) --> just simple trig here
Motion in x (horizontal) direction follows the formula
x = x0 + v0x*t --> set x0 = 0 since that is a freedom left to you by the problem
vx = v0x --> no acceleration in x direction, speed remains constant
Motion in y is
y = -1/2 g*t^2 + v0y*t + y0 --> g = 9.8 m/s^2 and the "-" indicates it is acting downward (negative y direction)
vy = -1/2 g*t + v0yy
Now at max height, the projectile has no speed in the y direction so the magnitude of the velocity is"
v = sqrt( vx(t)^2 + vy(t)^2) = sqrt( vx(t)^2 + 0) = vx(t) = vx0 = v0*cos(q) = 13.1 m/s
When it hits the ground, it has the same speed as when it was launched (conservation of kinetic and potential energy requires this). Since it left with v = v0 = 35 m/s, the magnitude at impact = 35 m/s. The math to show this is simple.
Find the time to reach max height -- Tmax using vy =0 at t = Tmax
0 = -g*Tmax + v0y --> Tmax = v0y/g
It takes just as long to come back to the ground so the total travel time is T = 2Tmax = 2v0y/g
SInce vx = v0x = constant, that does not change
but vy(T) =-g*T + v0y = -g*2v0y/g + v0y = -v0y
v(T) = sqrt(vx(T)^2 + vt(T)^2) = sqrt(v0x^2 + (-v0y)^2) = sqrt(v0x^2 + (v0y)^2)
= sqrt(v0^2*cos^2(q) + v0^2*sin^2(q)) = v0*sqrt(cos^2(q) +sin^2(q)) = v0 since sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1