Last year in Portugal, a friend's six-year-old daughter, who understands that I do not speak much Portuguese, showed me a toy that requires batteries. She opened the back and I think she said "não tem pilhas, as coisas para aqui chama pilhas". When I look in the dictionary, I usually find that the word for battery is bateria but I also see that pilha means cell. When do you say bateria and when do you say pilhas? Muito obrigado.
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Just like in the French and Spanish cognates, "pilha" means an electric battery/cell. "Bateria" means a military battery (like Battery Park in NYC which means the sea batteries, not an electric battery); and an instrument - the drums.
Search pilhas and baterias on the Portuguese Wikipedia and you'll see what I mean.