請問幾個關於化學的一些問題.謝謝!!

CH3Cl--------NaCN/acetone----->CH3CN--------H+, H2O or OH-, H2O--------------->CH3COOH+NH4+

請問為什麼用H+ 或OH-都可以?

CH3COCl--------H2/Pd/BaSO4/Quinoline-------------->CH3COH

(acid halides)------------------------------------------------->alcohols

請問為什麼答案O沒有變成OH呢?

Grignard Addition of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives:

CH3COOCH3----------------CH3CH2MgBr------->[CH3COCH2CH3]---------1. CH3CH2MgBr/2. H20--------->3-methyl-3-pentanol

請問為什麼中間的沒有變成CH3COOMgBr, &這個答案是怎麼來的呢?

betaD-Glucose-------------Cu(OH)2/Beneditct\'s Solution----->D-Gluconic Acid+Cu2O(s)

請問這個答案是怎麼來的呢?

bis(isopropyl)amine+CH3CH2CH2CH2Li----->Lithium diisopropylamide

請問為什麼答案不是用CH3CH2CH2CH2而是用Li呢?

Gabriel Synthesis:

phthalimide-------KOH/ethanol------->good nucleophile

請問為什麼KOH/ethanol可以把N拿掉?

good nucleophile+CH3CH2Br--->n-alkylphthalimide+Br- -----------NaOH/H2O------->alkylamine+H2NCH2CH3

請問為什麼中間的是加上CH3CH2而不是Br? &這個答案是怎麼來的呢?

Aromatic nitro compuond:

CH3CCHCHCHCHCNO2-----------Zn/dil. HCL---------->CH3CCHCHCHCHCNH2

請問這個答案是怎麼來的呢?

怎麼分辨HBr是electrophilic 還是 free radical 呢?

謝謝!!

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