1.) Why did the Spanish want to explore and colonize America?
2.) What impact did the search for the Northwest Passage have upon exploration and colonization?
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HaHA! Your in luck! My college test essay question was the first answer you asked. And I got 5 extra points on it! Here are a few ideas:
European people suffered from constant and costly wars, religious strife and economic hardships.
The demand for wool was causing landowners to convert their land from crop fields to grazing land for sheep. Land for growing food was reduced and the food supply was declining while the population was growing. So there was need for new lands.
Merchants came up with the idea of mercantilism, which meant that a country could grow rich at the expense of another nation. And that person's nation's economical health depended upon selling as much as possible to foreign lands and buying as little as possible from them. For this reason, nations were looking for colonies which would supply raw materials and be a market for their goods. When the market in Europe began to collapse due to this theory, merchants looked overseas for trade and believed that colonies in other nations would solve the problem.
And as far as the second, basically the constant search for the Northwest Passage caused explorers to travel farther North up the American coast and colonizing the coast as they went along.