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singer was a utilitarian who believed morality applies to all living things, not just to humans (which is what ethics usually pertains to). because of this, he felt that ethical frameworks were discriminatory against other animals. from this concept, he coined the term your asking about (or something close to it)

Peter Singer sees humans as animals this colours his ethics in so far as if you see a human baby you should not see it in any way different from a baby fur seal which is his base for after birth abortion as he says for up to 4 weeks after the child is born If Singer thinks we are just an animal he has to but does not explain our ehics which the most advanced pig can not have For all things to have an egalitarrian ethic require the pig to reason beyound its need to eat

Are all species all one? Somehow, in the far distant past, life appeared. According to evolutionary theory, species developed and changed, evolved into other species. At that moment when life appeared on our planet, did a thousand species all appear at the same moment? Or a million?That doesn't sound too plausible,does it? Why are gorillas and chimps so like us? The theory of evolution is far from a complete explanation, but it was an honest attempt, not a sack of religious rubbish.

1.What is the basis of Peter Singer’s accusation that philosophy is “speciesist”? please help?

~~~ Philosophy is 'critical thought'.

So, philosophers are those who perceive/practice 'critical thought' (for themselves).

Thus, only 'species' who/that perceive 'thought' can engage in the ultimate in ego masturbation.

So 'philosophy' is 'speciesist' because not all species can perceive/practice it.

Yet it is not 'speciesist' in the sense of 'discrimination' against other species.

Any good philosophical (or scientific) theory is ALL INCLUSIVE, completely transcending any and all such dualistic schizophrenia as 'species'.

We, all 'species' (and everything else in existence) are One!!

"Do NOT do to 'others' what you don't want done to you!"

(EVERYTHING in the Universe, ALL INCLUSIVE, is 'others', AND at the same time, Is you/'Self!'!!!)

Sounds like someone wants answers to an exam they didn't study for. The fact is that no one can answer those questions for you without knowing what materials your class read in preparation for that exam. But more importantly, come on, you don't want to cheat.