Moondoggy is right, the cards each represent something in the human condition, when you draw them and lay them out in a pattern, the spread positions have a meaning (such as past, present, main issue, something to be aware of, etc.) and the card is read in conjunction with that.

The 'information' comes from the basic theme of the card and how you yourself read it in regards to those meanings -- your subconscious applies it to your issue. For instance, the Sun card is generally looked at as a happy, happy, joy, joy kind of card, but the downside to that is you can get 'sunburned' or 'blinded' by too much light. Too much happiness isn't going to last or even would be wanted as a permanent kind of thing. You take the application in stride in regards to the phrasing of your question.

As with any form of divination, I believe the "information" comes from your own mind.

I was actually taught about Tarot cards by someone who believed they worked that way. (And she was a fellow Christian.) Her idea was that the symbols on the cards--especially, in the modern pictorial decks, where not only the reader but the subject of the reading can visually interpret them--represent archtypal ideas. When randomly arranged, they produce combinations of ideas that we perceive as "information" because human minds (and the brains in which they operate) have evolved to extract and interpret information (or possible information) by inference.

A skilled reader learns to speak of general ideas expressed in the cards' traditional interpretations, then to follow the subject's lead in developing the interpretation so that it fits the subject. It is astonishing how easily and naturally this happens; I never became very skilled, and was obviously reading material from a book in front of subjects, and yet the resulting readings often turned out to fit the subject's question anyhow.

This can be very useful, because it can bring to our conscious attention things that have been buried in our subconscious, or inadequately considered. It can also be very dangerous, especially if the subject is too quick to credit the resulting information to an outside source. I have seen a friend reach the point of becoming somewhat dependent on Tarot guidance--in spite of the fact that one of the readers was an accomplished stage magician with considerable skill at card manipulation.

The temptation to believe in magic, and to depend on it, is a very dangerous one--not because it is somehow "evil" in itself, but because it can lead a person to unsafe and foolish behavior.

My last two readings--now, decades ago--were ones I did for myself. The first one (I may still have a copy of the layout stashed away) was, it seemed to me, marvelous for its depth and accuracy, even though I very carefully kept myself to a strict belief that the results came from my own mind, not from "spirits" or "demons" or any such source.

I was, in fact, so impressed that I shuffled the cards and laid out a second reading. This one I examined briefly, and I don't think I wrote it down. But it was clearly (again, to my mind) telling me one thing: I had been given enough in the first reading, and I should quit. Actually, it was more like the cards were SHOUTING that to me.

From demonic forces controlled by Satan Himself.

Satan is a powerful fallen angel, who has his original powers, that he was given in heaven---even after this being KICKED out of heaven, he retained a significant amount of power.

When Adam and Eve fell for his lies in the Garden of Eden, he was given legal authority over the earth--and still continues till today--by whatever means he sees or deems necessary, to get people to turn from God.

The only way Satan can is this: humans falling for his lies and his ability to deceive with lying wonders.

BTW: Satan is a false god, and has a kingdom that works for him and on his behalf.

Authority and power is shared out, based on level of Evil and accomplishments--by his minions and demonic entities.

Hence the different levels of names and meanings, there are also devils, imps, variations of demonic force.

CS Lewis wrote a little book you should read, and see how demonic world functions: Called "The Screw Tape Letters"

From fertile imaginations of the players. As with a deck of playing cards, you can calculate the odds of being dealt any particular hand. The Las Vegas casinos have it down to a scientific art form to steal away your money.

The overall odds at Vegas >>>>>>>> You will LOSE seventy-five cents on every dollar you spend. Walk in with $100.00 and leave with only $25.00. Thats how they built those huge expensive places and why they can give you free drinks to keep you playing.

It comes from the people who designed them. There are no gods, spirits, magic or psychics.

Demons

It comes from Satan the devil and his bad angels...

"There should not be found in you anyone who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire, anyone who employs divination, anyone practicing magic, anyone who looks for omens, a sorcerer, 11 anyone binding others with a spell, anyone who consults a spirit medium or a fortune-teller, or anyone who inquires of the dead. 12 For whoever does these things is detestable to Jehovah, and on account of these detestable practices Jehovah your God is driving them away from before you. 13 You should prove yourself blameless before Jehovah your God" (Deuteronomy 18:10-13. Bible).

From the imagination of whatever New Age believer is turning the cards over.

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Random chance and the imagination of the people "reading" the cards.

None of the above. You see patterns in the cards and associate them with your current situation.