During George Washington’s second administration?
During George Washington’s second administration, what two political parties formed that transformed the United States political structure. Who were the leaders of each of these two parties? What principles, policies, and documents can you point to that ex-emplify each position? How would these two parties affect the ideological foundations of the political practices in the 19th century. Give a detailed analysis of your answer.
More Questions From This User See All
Answers & Comments
Verified answer
The Federalist party supported a stronger central government and endorsed the idea of a central National bank that regulated the value of currency, and to which were deposited revenues of the federal government. Federalists were also responsible for the assumption of the remaining war debt of each of the states, thus establishing credit. Its an unusual feature of finance that you have to owe money (and show an ability to pay it back) before you can borrow money.
Their leader was Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
The Anti-Federalists, also known as the Democratic Republicans. They were lead by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. In Jefferson's day they called themselves Republicans, and they believed that the power of the Federal government should be limited. They opposed the Bank of the United States as a rule, and favored more delegation of authority by the federal government to the state legislatures. Rhetorically, they usually referred to this as giving more power to the "people", though it wasn't as it might sound today, since their idea of "people" were well educated, white men who were fairly wealthy. Jefferson had a life long mistrust of the ordinary yeoman farmer and laborer.
The Federalist principles are best expounded by the Federalist, a collection of essays by a man named "Publius", who was in fact Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay. Madison later became a Republican, owing to a difference of opinion with Alexander Hamilton.
The Anti-federalists views are found in the Anti-Federalist Papers, a collection to which I will attach a link here.
The Federalists were beset by scandals, Alexander Hamilton had an affair, Vice President Aaron Burr shot and killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel, and was placed on trial for treason in the Wilkinson plot to separate the southwest from the nation, with the assistance of Spain. The final straw was the objection of the New England states to the War of 1812, and the leadership of a convention held at Hartford that discussed secession from the Union. After the war, Federalists had very little credibility in the nation.
By the election of 1824 both Presidential candidates were members of what had once been Jefferson's party. John Quincy Adams was a member of the branch officially known as the National Republicans, though Henry Clay, their leader had made the comparison to the Revolutionary Whigs who had opposed the Tories during the Revolution. They are usually called the Whigs.
Andrew Jackson, while also a member of Jefferson's party, preferred the use of the former part of their name, and dubbed his party the Democratic Party.
Whigs generally support protective tariffs, the Bank of the United States, and national improvements, such as roads and canals. This is what is commonly called Henry Clay's American System.
Democrats prefer to protect the powers of the states, as opposed to the elite classes, who Jackson suspected were Pro British. Jackson withdrew the federal deposits from the Bank of the United States and ultimately lead to its demise. For the record, on the pro-british idea, he was right on the money about Clay and Webster, but way off base(IMHO) in his belief that George Washington was pro British because he approved the Jay treaty.
Jackson was pro-Union, and in this he agreed with Clay and Webster, but still protective of state's rights, which when carried to the extreme, resulted in the secession of eleven states in 1860 and 1861.
Funny how you forget.. -- Unemployment more than doubled AFTER Democrats took over. -- Stock market took it's nosedive AFTER Democrats took over. -- Housing collapse took place AFTER Democrats took over. -- GM's bankruptcy took place AFTER Democrats took over ( in fact, it actually happened while Obama was president ). -- Obama gets less cooperation from other countries than Bush did, and is respected less. -- "Obamacare" not only lines the pockets of insurance companies.. but was actually written by them. -- For the first time in our history we are now forced, under threat of prison, to make a commercial purchase. A purchase from companies who wrote huge portions of the law. -- Roughly 10x ( 10.6% vs 1.91% ) the budget deficit today vs the average deficit while the GOP held the majority. -- We have a president who apologizes to our enemies. -- Massive environmental disaster created because one of the president's largest campaign contributors got a pass on normal safety inspections. -- A president who plays politics with an environmental disaster, making it much, much worse than it should have been. -- Blatant racism from the Oval Office. Yeah.. I really can't see why the GOP is the better option...