(a) Find the intervals on which f is increasing. (Enter the interval that contains smaller numbers first.)
Find the interval on which f is decreasing.
(b) Find the local minimum and maximum values of f. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)
(c) Find the inflection points.
Find the interval on which f is concave up.
Find the intervals on which f is concave down. (Enter the interval that contains smaller numbers first.)
I understand how to find each of these things in general, but it's using the pi scale that throws me off with estimating where these points are. any help or hints with that?
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I take it the difficulty is in finding where f ' and f " are zero?
f ' (x) = cos(x) - sin(x)
f " (x) = -sin(x) -cos(x).
So, you have to determine where
cos(x) - sin(x) = 0 and where sin(x) + cos(x) = 0.
You can use that the first requires cos(x) = sin(x) and the second cos(x) = -sin(x) and just ask yourself when are the sine and cosine the same---or the same value with opposite signs. It may be easier to divide through by the cosine. Then the equations become:
tan(x) = 1 (this is where f ' = 0) and
tan(x) = -1 (this is where f " = 0)
Recalling that tan(pi/4) = 1, the tangent will be +1 or -1 whenever the reference angle is pi/4. Tangent is positive in quadrants I and III, and negative in quadrants II and IV. So
f ' (x) = 0 when x = pi/4, 5pi/4
f " (x) = 0 when x = 3pi/4, 7pi/4
Now you can take test points and find where its increasing/decreasing concave up and down and answer all the questions.
I hope this was what you were after.
You say you understand how to do this in general, so I'm going to assume you already have the equation
cos x = sin x
for finding local minima and maxima.
you can rewrite that as tan x = 1 and look up what values of x make that true.
or you can answer it in degrees (0 ≤ x ≤ 360) and convert back to radians.
you should find two extrema, at pi/4 and at 5/4 pi.
the inflection points will be where cos x = - sin x, or tan x = -1.