You just said you "will be finished before the college year starts" than I don't see the problem. You just need to make sure you get your FAFSA submitted on time, don't delay

Yes, you will be allowed to apply for college. However, at this point, my best advice for you is to attend a community college for the next 2 years, then transfer to a 4-year HBCU for the final 2 years of college. In that way, you can save money for the first 2 years of college, which can be helpful to you. In the meanwhile, you should try out for your school's basketball team this season :)

Yes; just be sure to change your expected high school graduation date from May/June to July/August.

And work with your high school in advance to have your final transcripts sent immediately after you are graduated (it might not be so easy if it's still summer break). You'll need to have your transcript sent before they'll let you begin classes at the college.

Yes, you can apply as you normally would.  You will not be able to formally enroll and register for classes until you have officially graduated and provided final transcripts. 

You can certainly apply, but your chances of acceptance might be lower since you won't have finished all your classes this spring.

yes, apply to colleges on the normal schedule