National Geographic just put out a great article on this with pictures. Basically it was through open brain surgery while patients were awake. If they touch or probed a certain part of the brain, they could make your hand move or leg, etc. As far as higher functioning, they use CAT Scans and image what areas of your brain light up while you solve a problem. They relate the type of reasoning used to solve that problem to the brain pattern that shows up on the scan.
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National Geographic just put out a great article on this with pictures. Basically it was through open brain surgery while patients were awake. If they touch or probed a certain part of the brain, they could make your hand move or leg, etc. As far as higher functioning, they use CAT Scans and image what areas of your brain light up while you solve a problem. They relate the type of reasoning used to solve that problem to the brain pattern that shows up on the scan.
http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/07/24...